science



**Science Fair Marking Term 2 2011** ☒ Not achieved ☑ Achieved ☑☑ Advanced

**Scientific Process and Background:** ☑☑ Clear aim/hypothesis carried through ☑☑ Method, accurate experimentation ☑☑ Accurate experimentation, controls, variables, repetitions ☑☑ Results clear, accurate, include appropriate data ☑☑ Conclusions are in line with aim/hypothesis ☒ Results are interpreted and discussed (conclusion)

**Technical Skill:** ☑☑ Design of the experiment ☑☑ Use of apparatus and materials

**Originality:** ☑☑ Imaginative/creative ideas ☑☑ New/Unusual application in science

**Presentation of Display:** ☑☑ Colour/form/clarity/graphics ☑☑ Innovative appeal

**Log Book:** ☑☑ Authentic ongoing record with raw data included ☑ Has supporting documentation, bibliography, acknowledgements

**Teacher Comment: Kata you have put alot of effort into this science fair and should be really proud of yourself. You completed more than one experiment and conducted all of your test efficiently and fairly. Your use of photos on your science board is effective for the viewer to see exactly what you did, well done.**

**I would have liked to see an explanation of why alkaline is bad for the environment and an explanation of why your results were what they were, however overall you have done an excellent job.**

**Student Comment:**

**INTRODUCTION**

I choose this question because I wanted to see which dishwashing liquid is the best for the environment, which one cleans dishes best and which is the cheapest.

There are a wide range of dish washing liquids in New Zealand including Sunlight, Palmolive and Budget. Increasingly popular types of dishwashing liquid are the eco brands like Down to Earth, Eco Store and Green works. The eco brands focus on the environment and have slogans like ‘for a cleaner world’; ‘highly biodegradable’ and ‘skin friendly and garden friendly’. On the other side you have the cheaper dishwashing liquids that have been family favourites for many years, such as Sunlight and Palmolive. But which one washes dishes the best? Which one is really better for the environment? Which one is the cheapest? Is any brand all three?

To be good at washing dishes a dishwashing liquid needs **surfactants.** Surfactants help spread out the muck stuck on the dishes. When you scrub the dishes the food muck is spread out into tiny bits by the surfactant and is washed off in the water. But most surfactants contain harmful chemicals like phosphate. The eco brands are meant to be made with plant and non-toxic ingredients (possibly making them not as good at washing dishes), and the cheap brands are meant to contain toxic chemicals (making them harmful to the environment).

So I thought I’d put some popular brands to the test. I selected six dish washing liquids for my project: Sunlight, Palmolive, Budget, Down To Earth, Eco store and Green works.

To choose my tests I had to do a lot of research in the library, on the internet and on the phone (0800 numbers). What was written on the bottles? What claims did they make about cleaning dishes? Did they say they were good for the environment? Five out of six brands claimed they were good for the environment. Lets find out...

**AIM**

To see which brand of dishwashing liquid preforms the best, in relation to being the least harmful to the environment, the best at cleaning dishes and cheapest price per wash. Is any brand all three?.

**HYPOTHESIS**

My prediction is that Down to Earth will be the best for the environment because on the bottle it states it is biodegradable, has no added phosphates (toxic chemicals) and that it is pH neutral.

I predict Sunlight will be the best at cleaning dirty dishes because it is an extremely popular brand of dishwashing liquid which has been around for a long time, so I think it will clean dishes very well.

I predict that Budget will be the cheapest because of it’s name and that all Budget product seem to be a lot cheaper than other brands, otherwise they would not call it Budget.

**METHOD & EQUIPMENT**

__Test 1 : Foam Test__ __**Variables**__


 * Controllable**: Amount of dishwashing liquid I use (50 mls). Amount of swirling I do (20 seconds). **Uncontrollable**: none

__**Method**__ 1. Get 6 buckets that can hold at least 6 litres. 2. Fill the buckets with 5 litres of water. 3. Add 50 grams of the chosen dishwashing liquid to bucket. 4. Label the buckets with the name of the dishwashing liquid 5. Swirl the water and dishwashing liquid for 30 seconds with your hands until you have a good amount of foam in the bucket. 6. Using a measuring cup measure how much foam is in each bucket. 7. Record your foam results. Repeat foam test for 10 – 20 days.
 * Equipment:**
 * 50 grams of 6 different dishwashing liquids each.
 * 6 5-litre buckets
 * Steps:**

__Test 2: PH (Red Cabbage)Test__ __**Variables**__ __**Method**__
 * Controllable**: Amount of dishwashing liquid added to cabbage juice **Uncontrollable**: none
 * Equipment:**
 * 1/2 head red cabbage
 * A grater
 * A pot for boiling
 * Water
 * A strainer
 * A large bowl
 * 6 paper cups
 * 6 different dishwashing liquids

1.Grate the red cabbage into a bowl 2.Pour in enough water to cover the cabbage 3.Boil the mixture for 30 minutes 4. After you have boiled it, turn off the heat and let the mixture sit until it cools down. Strain the mixture into a bowl; so you remove all cabbage pieces and left with liquid only (the liquid should be a dark purplish color). 5.Use the cabbage juice to test the pH of each dishwashing liquid 6.Pour a quarter cup of cabbage juice into each paper cup 7.Pour exactly a quarter cup of one dishwashing liquid into one of the cups of cabbage juice. Label the cups so you know which one is which. 8.Repeat with other dishwashing liquids 9.What should happen? With the red cabbage PH Test - if solution turns red means acidic, if turns green means alkalinity, and neutral will stay dark purple
 * Steps:**

__Test 3: Efficiency Test__ __**Variables**__ __**Method**__ 1. Make a weet-bix muck mixture, mix 6 weet-bix with water to make lumpy paste. 2. With spoon spread one tablespoon to weet-bix muck and spread over 12 dinner plates 3. Put each plate in microwave for 30 seconds leave on bench for 20 minutes so muck sets slightly on plates 4. Put 5 litres of cold water in sink (use 5L bucket to measure) 5. Add one of the 10 mls of dishwashing liquid. 6. Mix the water and dishwashing liquid until there is a small layer of foam on the surface. 7. Wash the 12 dinner plates in the water with a scrubbing brush for 30 seconds for each plate, try to use the same amount of force scrubbing on each dinner plate. 8. Empty the sink and repeat the steps above with each dishwashing liquid and record results. 9. Compare how each dishwashing liquid cleaned the plates.
 * Controllable**: How dirty the dishes are. Heat of the water used . How much dish washing liquid is used
 * Uncontrollable**: How hard I scrub the dishes
 * Equipment** **:**
 * 5 mls of 6 dishwashing liquids
 * 12 dinner plates (dirtied with same food)
 * 5 litres of cold water in sink and bucket (to measure)
 * 6 Weet-bix
 * Bowl
 * Tablespoon
 * A scrubbing brush
 * Steps:**

__Test 4: Cost Test__ __**Variables**__ __**Method**__ 1.Using exactly the same timing for each dishwashing liquid squirt a small amount into the measuring cup. See how many mls come out and record. 2.See on the packaging how much dishwashing liquid is in each bottle and record. 3.See how much the bottle costs and record (use the same size bottle for each dishwashing liquid) 4.Now divide the size of the bottle with the size of squirt. e.g.: 500ml (bottle size) divided by 5ml (size of squirt) =100 washes. 5.Then divide the price by the amount of washes. e.g. : $4.99 (price) divided by 100 (amount of washes) =5 cents per wash
 * Controllable**: Size of bottle is the same for each test (proportion size of bottle and price).
 * Uncontrollable**: none
 * Equipment:**
 * 6 different dishwashing liquids
 * A calculator
 * A cup that measures milliliters
 * Steps:**



**RESULTS** **Test 1- Foam Test** All six dishwashing liquids were biodegradable (but at different levels). The three green brands, Green works, Eco Store and Down to Earth biodegraded more than the other three brands, Budget, Palmolive and Sunlight. From my test Down to Earth is the best for the environment as it biodegraded the most over ten days. Eco store was the second best brand followed by Green works (3rd). Greens works did have whitish layers of matter floating through the water (possibly plant matter). Budget (6th)was the least environmental friendly and biodegraded the least followed by Palmolive (5th) and Sunlight (4th). **Test 2 - PH Test** The cabbage juice was a dark purple colour once boiled and strained. When the dishwashing liquid is added liquid should stay pinkish purple colour (meaning is PH neutral 7 or pure water). Eco Store, Down to Earth were PH neutral. Palmolive and Budget went dark green showing alkalinity (PH is > 7). Sunlight went pink red which means acidity (PH is slightly < 7). Green works went a darker purple meaning PH was slightly higher than 7. **Test 3 - Efficiency Test**

I found out that baked on weet-bix is very hard to wash off dishes. In this test the green brands proved to clean dirty dishes the best. Down to Earth came out the winner followed closely by Eco Store (2nd) then Green works (3rd).

The more popular brands didn’t clean as well as the eco brands. Sunlight came in 4th then Palmolive 5th then Budget 6th. The Budget and Palmolive brands didn’t clean my dirty dishes very well at all.

**Test 4 - Cost Test**

From my testing on average you use about 25 ml of dishwashing liquid per wash. Based on this from my table below you can see the Budget worked out to be the cheapest per wash followed by Down to Earth in 2nd place and Palmolive in 3rd place. Green works was the most expensive per wash at 19c followed by Eco Store at 15c per wash and Sunlight at 10c per wash.


 * **Brand** || **Bottle size** || **Price** || **Price per 100ml** || **Price per 25ml wash** ||
 * Sunlight || 750ml || $2.79 || 0.38 || 0.10 ||
 * Palmolive || 750ml || $2.69 || 0.36 || 0.09 ||
 * Budget || 1L || $1.39 || 0.14 || 0.04 ||
 * Eco Store || 1L || $5.79 || 0.58 || 0.15 ||
 * Down to Earth || 1L || $1.79 || 0.20 || 0.05 ||
 * Green Works || 500ml || $3.77 || 0.76 || 0.19 ||

**CONCLUSION** My hypothesis was mostly correct. I thought Budget would be the cheapest brand (because of it’s name) and it was the cheapest working out to be 4c per wash.

My pH test showed that most brands were close to neutral except Palmolive and Budget. These brands turned green showing that they were more on the alkaline side which makes it more harmful for the environment.

As I predicted Down to Earth proved to be the best for the environment as it biodegraded the most over the 10 days as well as being pH neutral as it said on the bottle.

I thought Sunlight would be the best at washing dishes but I was wrong (Sunlight was 4th best). All the green brands did very well in the effectiveness test, but Down to Earth was the winner for dishwashing.

So was any of the six brands ‘Green, Effective and Cheap?’. Yes, Down to Earth did very well across all four tests coming 1st in the biodegradability test (green), 1st in the efficiency test, 2nd in the cost test and was pH neutral. My mother has decided to change the dishwashing liquid we use at home to Down to Earth because of my test results. Well done Down to Earth!

**OVERALL RESULTS**

GREEN EFFECTIVE CHEAP


 * **Brand names** || **biodegra-dable test** || **Efficiency test** || **Cost test** || **PH test** || **Average place** || **Overall results** ||
 * Palmolive || 5th || 5th || 3rd || Alkaline || 4.33 || 5th equal ||
 * Budget || 6th || 6th || 1st || Alkaline || 4.33 || 5th equal ||
 * Sunlight || 4th || 4th || 4th || Acidity || 4.0 || 3rd equal ||
 * Down to Earth || 1st || 1st || 2nd || Neutral || 1.33 || 1st ||
 * Green Works || 3rd || 3rd || 6th || Neutral || 4.0 || 3rd equal ||
 * Eco store || 2nd || 2nd || 5th || Neutral || 3.0 || 2nd ||

By Kata Brill, Year 7, Tauranga Intermediate

**__ My Learning Targets! __**

I will achieve this by:
Use more research in your explanation by googling and using more technical words and key words also using the thesaurus.

Date achieved/signed: Taylor-rose
__Kitchen chaos__ LI Identify key words/structure of explanatory text

SC Introduction - definition of the topic that you are writing about -describe the topic explanation - how something works or why something happens √ conclusion technical words key words

LI: Locate action verbs and conjunctions, and identify the type of tense used in explanations.

SC: •create a list of action verbs •use action verbs in explanations •use simple present tense •use conjunctions in our explanations

Yellow technical words red key words green action words

__Explanation__

Why does iodine change corn flour from the colour yellow- brown to black- blue. After you read this you will know why this happens

This happens because there both acid’s and the chemical reaction of the iodine makes the colour change.When starch is mixed with iodine in water the colour straight away changes.

So I hoped you sort of understand why this chemical reaction occurs. This science project was really interesting, maybe one day you should try this test.

Use more research in your explanation by goggling and using more technical words and key words.

by Kata Brill

Thursday 11th May

Aim: To find out what kitchen ingredients because they labels fell of.

Hypothesis:
 * 1) corn flour
 * 2) baking soda
 * 3) salt
 * 4) icing sugar
 * 5) cream of tater

Method:
 * 1) put each ingredients in the beaker with a tablespoon of water
 * 2) may put vinegar or iodine in the beaker to and some lidmus paper
 * 3) then just wait and see which one is which

Results: A.corn flour b.salt c.baking soda d.icing sugar <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">e.cream of tater

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Aim (or Questions)

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">All experiments always start with a question <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">and the whole aim of the experiment is to <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">find an answer to this question.

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Aim: <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">What metal conducts heat faster- steel, aluminum, copper or brass

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Hypothesis: ( A estimation on what going to happen) <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">I think that aluminum will be the fastest conductor of the heat because <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">it is probably the thinest out of all them. I think that steel will be the slowest <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">conductor of the heat because it is really big and fatter than all the other metals.

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Method:

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Variables:

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Controlled Variables: Size of the metal and the wax, the heat, environment eg. no wind no rain and type of wax.

<span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">**Results:** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**The wax melted in the following order:**

<span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**Our Group found that the wax melted in the following order:** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**1st copper**__**_ 2nd aluminum_ 3rdBrass**__ **Last steel_**
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Table 1: Time taken for wax to melt (seconds) ||
 * || <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Copper || <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Steel || <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Brass || <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Aluminum ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Our Group || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">31 sec || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">5:38 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">44 sec || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">0.35 ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Group 2 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">51 sec || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">6.23 mins || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">3.55 mins || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">1.24 ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Group 3 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">1.05 mins || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">4.45 mins || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">53 sec || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">52 sec ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">group 4 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">0.13 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">3.21 mins || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">3.27 mins || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">52sec ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Group 5 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">1.30 min || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">10.01 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">2.36 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">1.28 ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Group 6 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">2.21 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">3.57 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">36 sec || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">3.19 ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Group 7 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">35 sec || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">3.27 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">3.58 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">43 sec ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Group 8 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">45 sec || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">8.14 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">1.47 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">15 sec ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Group 9 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">52 sec || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">5.35 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">26 sec || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">1.23 ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Group 1 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">3.39 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">5.35 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">2.39 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">1.22 ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Average || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">1.14.2 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">5.41.6 || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">2.06.1 ||  ||

<span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**The class average:** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**1st** __**_ 2nd _ 3rd**__ **Last _**

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Manipulated Variables:

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Materials:

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Procedure: Detailed step-by-step Description of how you conducted your experiment.

<span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**Method:** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**Procedure:** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**1. We put small pieces of wax in the hollows on the ends of 4 strips of different metals that were fixed on a round wooden frame.** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**2. We heated the metal strips.** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**3. We timed the melting of the wax.** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**4. We recorded the times in a table.** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**Conclusion:** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**On Average the wax melted in the following order:** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**1st** __**_ 2nd _ 3rd**__ **Last _. We noticed that................happened.**

<span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**The wax melted fastest with the** __**because the molecules are easer to move than in the other metals and this is what makes the heat travel through the metal. This is called “heat conduction”. Where the molecules are more difficult to move, heat takes more time to move through it.**__

<span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**Conduction occurs when the molecules bump against each other and cause more movement. It is like pushing someone who trips and pushes another person in a crowd and the movement ripples outwards.**

<span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**We use copper metal in**__**_ because we want heat to**__ **_;** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**we use steel in so that heat doesn’t_.** <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**Brass is used in taps because**__**. Aluminium is used in pots because**__**_. All of these metals do get hot after a while such as**__**_.**__

<span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**Plumbers/engineers/sheet metal workers use** __**because it is easy/hard to transfer heat. This is good/a problem because**__**_.**

<span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**Cooks prefer** __**because**__ **_, however they need to be careful that food may burn.**

<span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**A welder uses _ to braise metal because it is easy to melt but the welder is made of which gets hot but not too hot.**

Science Fair Due Friday 3 June Week 5

= = =<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> <span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">__ Science Fair __ =

Please have a close read of the following site that Mr Marsh has put together. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding-right: 10px;">@http://ourspace.tauranga-int.school.nz/course/view.php?id=64

[|ScienceFairBooklet.pdf]
 * [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/i/mime/32/application/pdf.png height="32" caption="external image pdf.png" link="http://rimuroom42.wikispaces.com/file/view/ScienceFairBooklet.pdf"]] ||
 * external image pdf.png ||

Useful Science sites for ideas: <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 18px; padding-right: 10px;">@http://www.sciencebuddies.org/ <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 17px; line-height: 27px; padding-right: 10px;">@http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/

Cool Science Sites <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 18px; padding-right: 10px;">@http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/

====<span style="font-size: 1.066em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 1.066em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 18px; padding-right: 10px;">Please Note:  ==== ====<span style="font-size: 1.066em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"><span style="font-size: 1.066em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; font-size: 18px; padding-right: 10px;">This table is different from the one outlined in the above Science Fair booklet. There will be__**no extensions**__ given, Class time will be given for writing up aim, hypothesis, instructions, explanations, diagrams, tables etc and putting displays together. Parents please support your child with carrying out their experiments as this will be the main element of their homework during Science Fair. ====


 * ||  || <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">**Order of Events** ||   || <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">**Timeline** ||


 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">1 ||  || <span style="font: normal normal normal 14px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Choose a topic including is it a //Science or Technology// display ||   || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Week 1 ||


 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">2 ||  || <span style="font: normal normal normal 14px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Completed Aim and Hypothesis (science) or Question (technology) ||   || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Week 2 ||

<span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;"><span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Webdings; letter-spacing: 0px;"> //What do you need?// <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;"> <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Webdings; letter-spacing: 0px;"> //Who do you use?How many?// <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;"> <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Webdings; letter-spacing: 0px;"> //What help do you require?// <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;"> <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Webdings; letter-spacing: 0px;"> //How will you measure and collect data?// <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;"> <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Webdings; letter-spacing: 0px;"> //How many trials/experiments/prototypes will// //you complete?// <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;"> <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Webdings; letter-spacing: 0px;"> //How will you present data? Numbers are good!// <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal 'Times New Roman'; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;"> <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Webdings; letter-spacing: 0px;"> //Do you need to complete a Animal Ethics form?// ||   || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Week 2 ||
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">3 ||  || <span style="font: normal normal normal 14px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Planned how you are going to complete experiments (science) or investigation of needs assessment and prototype design (technology)


 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">4 ||  || <span style="font: normal normal normal 14px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Start experiments (science) or needs assessment (technology) ||   || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Week 3 ||


 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">5 ||  || <span style="font: normal normal normal 14px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Needs assessment (technology) completed ||   || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Week 3/4 ||


 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">6 ||  || <span style="font: normal normal normal 14px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">Experiments (science) and prototype testing (technology) completed ||   || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Week 3/4 ||


 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">7 ||  || <span style="font: normal normal normal 14px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">First draft completed ||   || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Week 4/5 ||


 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">8 ||  || <span style="font: normal normal normal 14px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">All written work, diagrams, tables, graphs, photos, and other graphics completed and checked by the class teacher**BEFORE** it is attached to the display ||   || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Week 5 ||


 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">9 ||  || <span style="font: normal normal normal 14px/normal 'Times New Roman'; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px;">**Completed display ready to be marked by teacher** ||   || <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Monday Week 6 ||